Over time, with repetitive drug consumption, the person’s ability to choose to abstain from the drug becomes compromised. The drug seeking becomes compulsive; owing to the effects of prolonged drug use on brain functioning. This substance itself acts as an illness producing agent that alters the neurochemicals in the brain; leading to what is known as ‘Substance Use Disorders’. Casual substance use differs from disorders like addiction and dependence. With passing time, one needs to consume the substance regularly, feels the need to increase the quantum of use to experience the same effect and may experience unwanted, bothersome sensations (withdrawal reactions) in the absence of that substance. The need for the substance is intense and compelling; one cannot regulate it by any means, however hard one tries.

Addiction and dependence often involve not only compulsive drug consumption but also a myriad of dysfunctional behaviors that interfere with normal functioning in the person’s family, the workplace, and broadly the community. These disorders lead to disruption in all spheres of life and cause significant distress to the near and dear ones who also have to bear the brunt of this illness, along with the drug user. Drug procurement and consumption takes precedence over all else.

Because addiction has such diverse dimensions of suffering and disrupts so many aspects of the individual’s life, treatment is vital. What makes it harder is the failure of the sufferer to realize and accept the need to correct it. Management of addiction and dependence is long-term and involves multiple levels of intervention along with attempts at abstinence. Various diagnostic tests assess the personality patterns in the individual and determine the factors that push one towards substance use. A combination of medication, behavior modification and family interventions is essential to help the drug user rid the vicious habit and focus on healthy and productive living.